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A diagram showing the different types of plastid. Amyloplasts are thought to play a vital role in gravitropism.Statoliths, a specialized starch-accumulating amyloplast, are denser than cytoplasm, and are able to settle to the bottom of the gravity-sensing cell, called a statocyte. [5]
Diagram of the plant cell, with the cell wall in green. Cell walls serve similar purposes in those organisms that possess them. They may give cells rigidity and strength, offering protection against mechanical stress. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the cell wall are linked with plant cell growth and morphogenesis. [11]
Extensive networks of stromules interconnecting leucoplasts have been observed in epidermal cells of roots, hypocotyls, and petals, and in callus and suspension culture cells of tobacco. In some cell types at certain stages of development, leucoplasts are clustered around the nucleus with stromules extending to the cell periphery, as observed ...
In older endodermal cells, suberin may be more extensively deposited on all cell wall surfaces and the cells can become lignified, forming a complete waterproof layer. Some plants have a large number of amyloplasts (starch containing organelles) in their endodermal cells, in which case the endodermis may be called a starch sheath.
For example, plastid epidermal cells manufacture the components of the tissue system known as plant cuticle, including its epicuticular wax, from palmitic acid—which itself is synthesized in the chloroplasts of the mesophyll tissue. Plastids function to store different components including starches, fats, and proteins. [9]
Root tip: 1. meristem 2. columella (statocytes with statoliths at the bottom of the cell) 3. side of the root cap 4. dead cells 5. cell elongation zone. Optical microscope 100x Statocyte: 1.cell wall 2.endoplasmic reticulum 3.plasmodesma 4.cell nucleus 5.mitochondrion 6.cytoplasm 7.statolith 8.root 9.columella 10.statocyte
Plastids are specialized double-membrane organelles found in plant cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Plastids perform a variety of functions such as metabolism of energy, and biological reactions. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] There are multiple types of plastids recognized including Leucoplasts , Chromoplasts , and Chloroplasts . [ 2 ]
The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan (poly-N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid), which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape. It is ...