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The Adal Sultanate, also known as the Adal Empire [2] or Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling Adel Sultanate, Adal Sultanate) (Arabic: سلطنة عدل), was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. [3] It was founded by Sabr ad-Din III on the Harar plateau in Adal after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. [4]
In the fourteenth century Emperor Amda Seyon of Ethiopia battled against Adal leader Imam Salih who allied with Jamal ad-Din I of Ifat. [29] [30] In the late fourteenth century rebel leaders of Ifat Haqq ad-Din II and Sa'ad ad-Din II relocated their base to the Harari plateau in Adal forming a new Sultanate at Dakkar.
1832 map by John Arrowsmith illustrating Hubetta's location in the Emirate of Harar. Hubat (Harari: ሆበት Hobät), also known as Hobat, or Kubat was a historical Muslim state located in present-day eastern Ethiopia. [1] [2] [3] Historically part of the Adal region alongside Gidaya and Hargaya states on the Harar plateau. [4]
Tiya is an archaeological site in central Ethiopia. It is located in the Soddo woreda, in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region south of Addis Ababa . [ 1 ] It is best known for its archaeological site its large stone pillars, many of which bear some form of decoration.
Harar was later made the new capital of the Adal Sultanate in 1520 by the Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad. [12] The city saw a political decline during the ensuing Emirate of Harar , only regaining some significance in the Khedivate of Egypt period.
Dakkar (Harari: ደክከር Däkkär, Somali: Doggor), also known as Dakar, or Deker, was a historical Muslim town located in present-day eastern Ethiopia. It served as the first capital of the Adal Sultanate after its founding in the early 15th century by Sabr ad-Din III. [1]
Emperor Na'od was extremely intimidated and his weakened leadership gave the Adal Sultanate legitimacy in the region in 1415, with its capital in Dakkar (in present-day Somaliland). [4] The Adal rise to power resulted in a series of conflicts with the Ethiopian Empire, and eventually the Ethiopian–Adal War in 1529.
Ruins of the Adal Sultanate in Zeila, Somaliland. Awdal (أودل) takes its name from the medieval Adal Sultanate (عَدَل), which was originally centered on Zeila . [ 8 ] The area along the Ethiopian border is abundant with ruined cities, which were described by the British explorer Richard F. Burton . [ 9 ]