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Chorionic hematoma is the pooling of blood between the chorion, a membrane surrounding the embryo, and the uterine wall. [2] It occurs in about 3.1% of all pregnancies , [ 2 ] it is the most common sonographic abnormality and the most common cause of first trimester bleeding .
A retained placenta is commonly a cause of postpartum haemorrhage, both primary and secondary. [1] Retained placenta is generally defined as a placenta that has not undergone placental expulsion within 30 minutes of the baby’s birth where the third stage of labor has been managed actively. [2]
Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. [13] Trauma: Injury to the birth canal which includes the uterus, cervix, vagina and the perineum which can happen even if the delivery is monitored properly. The bleeding is substantial as all these organs become more vascular during pregnancy.
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Couvelaire uterus is a phenomenon where the retroplacental blood may penetrate through the thickness of the wall of the uterus into the peritoneal cavity. This may occur after abruptio placentae. The hemorrhage that gets into the decidua basalis ultimately splits the decidua, and the haematoma may remain within the decidua or may extravasate ...
Vaginal bleeding, if it occurs, may be bright red or dark. [1] A placental abruption caused by arterial bleeding at the center of the placenta leads to sudden development of severe symptoms and life-threatening conditions including fetal heart rate abnormalities, severe maternal hemorrhage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
LONG ISLAND (PIX11) – It was the happiest day of Tunicia and Raleigh Hall's life. In what was nearly 30 years in the making, the Queens couple finally tied the knot on June 28. A month later ...
This leads to decrease oxygen carried past the maternal villi into the intervillus space. The lack of terminal dilation and inclining blood velocity causes shredding of the villi into the maternal blood, releasing blood coagulants activating the coagulation cascade. Which then leads to blocking of the blood vessels causing placental infarction. [5]