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Pakistan studies curriculum (Urdu: مطالعہ پاکستان Muṭāla-e-Pākistān) is the name [1] [2] of a curriculum of academic research and study that encompasses the culture, demographics, geography, history, International Relations and politics of Pakistan.
A 2005 study found that campaign visits had no statistically significant effect, after controlling for other factors, on voter turnout in the 1992, 1996, and 2000 elections. [60] On the other hand, a 2017 paper of the 1948 presidential election provides "strong evidence that candidate visits can influence electoral returns". [ 61 ]
An example of a study on party-uncontrolled communication is Frank Esser's research on the usage of sound and image bites within political news culture in France, (Germany), Great Britain and the United States. [28] A category that can be coded with regard to articles or broadcasts is the metaframe of politics (game frame vs. issue frame). [29]
Political organizations are those engaged in political activities (e.g., lobbying, community organizing, campaign advertising, etc.) aimed at achieving clearly-defined political goals, which typically benefit the interests of their members.
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Urdu. Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather ...
Opposition research can also entail using trackers to follow an individual and record their activities or political speeches. [1] The research is usually conducted in the time period between announcement of intent to run and the actual election; however political parties maintain long-term databases that can cover several decades.
Blitz campaign, a short, intensive, and focused marketing campaign for a product or business; Civil society campaign, a project intended to mobilize public support in order to instigate social change; Military campaign, large scale, long duration, significant military strategy plans incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or ...
Meta-research is the study of research through the use of research methods. Also known as "research on research", it aims to reduce waste and increase the quality of research in all fields. Meta-research concerns itself with the detection of bias, methodological flaws, and other errors and inefficiencies.