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  2. Edward de Smedt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_De_Smedt

    Edward Joseph de Smedt was a Belgian-American inventor of asphalt concrete.. De Smedt developed his asphalt paving material in 1870 at Columbia University and filed the patents for "Improvement in laying asphalfc or concrete pavements or roads" (US 103581 , [1] US 103582 [2]), protecting a process of surfacing a packed sand road with one or more layers of premixed, heated asphalt and sand, in ...

  3. Asphalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt

    Asphalt most often refers to: Bitumen , also known as "liquid asphalt cement" or simply "asphalt", a viscous form of petroleum mainly used as a binder in asphalt concrete Asphalt concrete , a mixture of bitumen with coarse and fine aggregates, used as a road surface

  4. Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_concrete

    Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]

  5. Macadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

    A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement), sometimes referred to in the U.S. as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. Instead of laying the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then spraying the top surface with binding material, in the asphalt paving method the aggregates are thoroughly mixed with the binding material ...

  6. Concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

    Reinforced concrete was invented in 1849 by Joseph Monier. ... Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [79] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac, ...

  7. John Loudon McAdam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam

    John Loudon McAdam, 1830, National Gallery, London. John Loudon McAdam (23 September 1756 [1] – 26 November 1836) was a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder. He invented a new process, "macadamisation", for building roads with a smooth hard surface, using controlled materials of mixed particle size and predetermined structure, that would be more durable and less muddy than soil-based tracks.

  8. Road surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

    Cold mix asphalt is often used on lower-volume rural roads, where hot mix asphalt would cool too much on the long trip from the asphalt plant to the construction site. [18] An asphalt concrete surface will generally be constructed for high-volume primary highways having an average annual daily traffic load greater than 1,200 vehicles per day. [19]

  9. Tarmacadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmacadam

    Tarmacadam is a concrete road surfacing material made by combining tar and macadam (crushed stone and sand), patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century.