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Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO 2.It is a weak acid.Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5):
Hypochlorite is a sufficiently strong oxidiser to convert Mn(III) to Mn(V) during the Jacobsen epoxidation reaction and to convert Ce 3+ to Ce 4+. [9] This oxidising power is what makes them effective bleaching agents and disinfectants. In organic chemistry, hypochlorites can be used to oxidise primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. [18]
The chlorite ion adopts a bent molecular geometry, due to the effects of the lone pairs on the chlorine atom, with an O–Cl–O bond angle of 111° and Cl–O bond lengths of 156 pm. [1] Chlorite is the strongest oxidiser of the chlorine oxyanions on the basis of standard half cell potentials.
Ingestion of strong concentrations can be lethal. [6] Symptoms of contact or inhalation can be delayed. [1] Potassium hypochlorite is not considered to cause a fire or explosive hazards by itself. [6] However, it can react explosively with numerous chemicals, including urea, ammonium salts, methanol, acetylene, and many organic compounds.
Potassium chlorite is a potassium salt of chlorous acid (HClO 2) having a chemical formula KClO 2. It exists as white powder and its annhydrous form easily undergoes decomposition in presence of heat or radiation (especially gamma rays ).
Animation of a strong acid–strong base neutralization titration (using phenolphthalein). The equivalence point is marked in red. The equivalence point is marked in red. In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences ) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other.
Ba(ClO 3) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + BaSO 4 The chlorate must be dissolved in boiling water and the acid should be somewhat diluted in water and heated before mixing. Another method which can be used to produce solutions up to 10% concentration is by the use of cation exchange resins and a soluble salt such as NaClO 3 , where the Na+ cation ...