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Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule. The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danubian province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Empire.
The second campaign (105-106) ended with the suicide of Decebalus, and the conquest of the territory that would form the new Roman province of Dacia. [40] The history of the war was written by Emperor Trajan himself in a sort of Commentarii on the example of Caesar, which have been lost.
The history of Dacian warfare spans from c. 10th century BC to 2nd century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Dacia, populated by a collection of Thracian, Ionian, and Dorian tribes. [1] It concerns the armed conflicts of the Dacian tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans.
From the death of Burebista to the rise of Decebalus, Roman forces continued to clash against the Dacians and the Getae. [1] Constant raiding by the tribes into the adjacent provinces of Moesia and Pannonia caused the local governors and the emperors to undertake a number of punitive actions against the Dacians. [1]
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Nevertheless, the war went on with more sieges of Dacian forts and Dacian attacks on Roman camps until the last battle with Dacians took place at Porolissum. Decebalus sought refuge in the north, in the Carpathian mountains an almost inaccessible region, but a Roman column pursued him along the valley of the Marisus river.
To Rome, Domitian brought Italian peasants in Dacian clothing because he couldn't take slaves in the war. [ 48 ] To increase the glory of his reign, restore the finances of Rome, and end a treaty perceived as humiliating, Trajan resolved on the conquest of Dacia, the capture of the famous Treasure of Decebalus, and control over the Dacian gold ...
Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.