Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
An example of alpha halogenation is the mono-bromination of acetone ((CH 3) 2 C=O), carried out under either acidic or basic conditions, to give bromoacetone: Acidic (in acetic acid): Reaction mechanism for the bromination of acetone while in the presence of acetic acid. Basic (in aqueous NaOH):
Another example is the synthesis of 2,7-dimethyl-2,7-dinitrooctane from 4-methyl-4-nitrovaleric acid: [3] The Kolbe reaction has also been occasionally used in cross-coupling reactions . In 2022, it was discovered that the Kolbe electrolysis is enhanced if an alternating square wave current is used instead of a direct current .
Reagents are "substances or compounds that are added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or are added to see if a reaction occurs." [1] Some reagents are just a single element. However, most processes require reagents made of chemical compounds. Some of the most common ones used widely for specific reactive functions are ...
For example, the reaction of acetic anhydride with ethanol yields ethyl acetate: (CH 3 CO) 2 O + CH 3 CH 2 OH → CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 + CH 3 COOH. Often a base such as pyridine is added to function as catalyst. In specialized applications, Lewis acidic scandium salts have also proven effective catalysts. [12]
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
In analytical chemistry, potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct titration of a redox reaction. It is a useful means of characterizing an acid. No indicator is used; instead the electric potential is measured across the analyte, typically an electrolyte solution.
Other examples of inorganic polyprotic acids include anions of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrogen sulfide that have lost one or more protons. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, important examples include amino acids and derivatives of citric acid. Although an amphiprotic species must be amphoteric, the converse is not true.
The reaction thus provides a more stereospecific and complementary regiochemical alternative to other hydration reactions such as acid-catalyzed addition and the oxymercuration–reduction process. The reaction was first reported by Herbert C. Brown in the late 1950s [2] and it was recognized in his receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979.