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2. Active cooling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_cooling

   Active cooling is a heat-reducing mechanism that is typically implemented in electronic devices and indoor buildings to ensure proper heat transfer and circulation from within. Unlike its counterpart passive cooling , active cooling is entirely dependent on energy consumption in order to operate.

3. Pulse tube refrigerator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_tube_refrigerator

   a heat exchanger X 2, cooled by the gas, where the useful cooling power ˙ is delivered at the low temperature T L, taken from the object to be cooled; a tube in which the gas is pushed and pulled; a heat exchanger X 3 near room temperature where heat is released to the surroundings

4. Cryocooler - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryocooler

   Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a Stirling cooler. The system has one piston at ambient temperature T a and one piston at low temperature T L. The basic type of Stirling-type cooler is depicted in Fig.1. It consists of (from left to right): a piston; a compression space and heat exchanger (all at ambient temperature T a) a regenerator; a heat exchanger

5. Thermoelectric cooling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling

   Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.

6. Absorption refrigerator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_refrigerator

   Common absorption refrigerators use a refrigerant with a very low boiling point (less than −18 °C (0 °F)) just like compressor refrigerators.Compression refrigerators typically use an HCFC or HFC, while absorption refrigerators typically use ammonia or water and need at least a second fluid able to absorb the coolant, the absorbent, respectively water (for ammonia) or brine (for water).

7. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

   Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]