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t. e. On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life) [ 3] is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin that is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. It was published on 24 November 1859. [ 4]
Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization, [1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations. [1] [6] Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use. [7 ...
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.
Plant–animal interaction. Plant-animal interactions are important pathways for the transfer of energy within ecosystems, where both advantageous and unfavorable interactions support ecosystem health. [ 1][ 2] Plant-animal interactions can take on important ecological functions and manifest in a variety of combinations of favorable and ...
Biodiversity. An example of the biodiversity of fungi in a forest in North Saskatchewan (in this photo, there are also leaf lichens and mosses ). Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem ...
In biology, taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις ( taxis) 'arrangement' and -νομία ( -nomia) ' method ') is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic ...
Histologic specimen being placed on the stage of an optical microscope. Human lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin as seen under a microscope.. Histology, [help 1] also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, [1] is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.
A freshwater aquarium with plants and various tropical fish. An aquarium ( pl.: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles, such as turtles, and aquatic plants.