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Blackletter developed from Carolingian as an increasingly literate 12th-century Europe required new books in many different subjects. New universities were founded, each producing books for business, law, grammar, history and other pursuits, not solely religious works, for which earlier scripts typically had been used.
Old English ( Englisċ or Ænglisc, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ] ), or Anglo-Saxon, [ 1] was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old ...
Hoefler Text, a typeface designed in 1991, uses text figures. The ascending six and descending nines are minted on this 1996 U.S. penny. Text figures (also known as non-lining, lowercase, old style, [1] ranging, hanging, medieval, billing, [2] or antique [3] figures or numerals) are numerals designed with varying heights in a fashion that resembles a typical line of running text, hence the name.
This remained true until the 1860s, when so-called 'old style' faces—a largely English-speaking phenomenon—came into use. These went to the opposite extreme from the modern faces; 'thick' strokes were attenuated, and serifs at the end of thin strokes (as in C, E, L and T) were narrow and angled whereas in modern faces they were broad and ...
Bengaluru Metro (Namma Metro) signage. Kansai International Airport (KIX) (since 2022) The DIN typeface was used for regulatory and warning Signs in Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo counties. Also used in the Greek motorway network. The DIN typeface for the Namma Metro is in English and Kannada .
The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence. These included a number of vowel shifts, and the palatalisation of velar consonants in many positions. For historical developments prior to the Old English period, see Proto-Germanic language .
Thorn or þorn ( Þ, þ) is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, Old Swedish and modern Icelandic alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the Gothic alphabet, Middle Scots, and some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia, but it was later replaced with the digraph th, except in Iceland, where it survives.
In typography, the long s is known as a type of swash letter, commonly referred to as a "swash s ". [ 2] The long s is the basis of the first half of the grapheme of the German alphabet ligature letter ß , [ 3] ( eszett or scharfes s, 'sharp s '). As with other letters, the long s may have a variant appearance depending on typeface: ſ, ſ, ſ ...