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The roughly spherical shape of Earth can be empirically evidenced by many different types of observation, ranging from ground level, flight, or orbit. The spherical shape causes a number of effects and phenomena that combined disprove flat Earth beliefs . These include the visibility of distant objects on Earth's surface; lunar eclipses ...
Title page of Lucubrationes, 1541 edition, one of the first books to use a variant of the word encyclopedia in the title. An encyclopedia ( American English) or encyclopaedia ( British English) [ 1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [ 2][ 3 ...
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is often characterized as first philosophy, implying that it is more fundamental than other forms of philosophical inquiry. Metaphysics is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some modern theorists understand it as ...
A drawing for a steam locomotive. Engineering is applied to design, with emphasis on function and the utilization of mathematics and science. Engineers use their knowledge of science, mathematics, logic, economics, and appropriate experience or tacit knowledge to find suitable solutions to a particular problem.
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
Aurora. An aurora[ a] ( pl. aurorae or auroras ), [ b] also commonly known as the northern lights ( aurora borealis) or southern lights ( aurora australis ), [ c] is a natural light display in Earth 's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic ).
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In linear algebra, an eigenvector ( / ˈaɪɡən -/ EYE-gən-) or characteristic vector is a vector that has its direction unchanged by a given linear transformation. More precisely, an eigenvector, , of a linear transformation, , is scaled by a constant factor, , when the linear transformation is applied to it: .