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Evolutionary history of plants. A late Silurian sporangium, artificially colored. Green: A spore tetrad. Blue: A spore bearing a trilete mark – the Y -shaped scar. The spores are about 30–35 μm across. The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats of unicellular archaeplastids evolved ...
Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
Timeline of fish evolution. The evolution of fishes took place over a timeline which spans the Cambrian to the Cenozoic, including during that time in particular the Devonian, which has been dubbed the "age of fishes" for the many changes during that period. The Late Devonian extinctions played a crucial role in shaping the evolution of fish ...
A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Ecologists can broadly define all life forms as either autotrophs or heterotrophs, based on their trophic levels, the position that they occupy in the food web.
Aquaponics is a food production system that couples aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as fish, crayfish, snails or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) whereby the nutrient-rich aquaculture water is fed to hydroponically grown plants. [ 1]
Their origin is therefore likely much earlier, as they diverged from their closest relatives in the Cambrian more than 500 million years ago. Tardigrades are usually about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long when fully grown. [2] They are short and plump, with four pairs of legs, each ending in claws (usually four to eight) or suction disks.
Thelenota ananas, a giant sea cucumber from the Indo-Pacific tropics. Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea ( / ˌhɒləˌθjʊəˈrɔɪdiə, ˌhoʊ -/ HOL-ə-thure-OY-dee-ə, HOHL- ). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. They are found on the sea floor ...
Cotton. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase ...