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  2. Divina proportione - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divina_Proportione

    Divina proportione. Divina proportione (15th century Italian for Divine proportion), later also called De divina proportione (converting the Italian title into a Latin one) is a book on mathematics written by Luca Pacioli and illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci, completed by February 9th, 1498 [1] in Milan and first printed in 1509. [2]

  3. Proportion (architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportion_(architecture)

    Proportion (architecture) In classical architecture, proportions were set by the radii of columns. Proportion is a central principle of architectural theory and an important connection between mathematics and art. It is the visual effect of the relationship of the various objects and spaces that make up a structure to one another and to the whole.

  4. Proportion (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportion_(mathematics)

    Proportion (mathematics) A proportion is a mathematical statement expressing equality of two ratios. [1][2] a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as , where ratios are expressed as fractions. Such a proportion is known as geometrical proportion, [3] not to be confused with arithmetical proportion and ...

  5. Golden ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

    The golden ratio's negative −φ and reciprocal φ−1 are the two roots of the quadratic polynomial x2 + x − 1. The golden ratio is also an algebraic number and even an algebraic integer. It has minimal polynomial. This quadratic polynomial has two roots, and. The golden ratio is also closely related to the polynomial.

  6. Summa de arithmetica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summa_de_arithmetica

    Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita (Summary of arithmetic, geometry, proportions and proportionality) is a book on mathematics written by Luca Pacioli and first published in 1494. It contains a comprehensive summary of Renaissance mathematics, including practical arithmetic, basic algebra, basic geometry and ...

  7. Ratio distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio_distribution

    A ratio distribution (also known as a quotient distribution) is a probability distribution constructed as the distribution of the ratio of random variables having two other known distributions. Given two (usually independent) random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable Z that is formed as the ratio Z = X / Y is a ratio ...

  8. Vitruvius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius

    Vitruvius (/ vɪˈtruːviəs / vi-TROO-vee-əs, Latin: [wɪˈtruːwi.ʊs]; c. 80 –70 BC – after c. 15 BC) was a Roman architect and engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work titled De architectura. [1] As the only treatise on architecture to survive from antiquity, it has been regarded since the Renaissance as the ...

  9. Artistic canons of body proportions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_canons_of_body...

    The traditional Egyptian depiction of the body in flat images. The figure represents the Roman Emperor Trajan (ruled 98–117 CE) making offerings to Egyptian Gods, Dendera Temple complex, Egypt. [1] An artistic canon of body proportions (or aesthetic canon of proportion), in the sphere of visual arts, is a formally codified set of criteria ...

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