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1,2-Dinitrobenzene is one of three isomers of dinitrobenzene, with the formula C 6 H 4 (NO 2) 2. The compound is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is prepared from 2-nitroaniline by diazotization and treatment with sodium nitrite in the presence of a copper catalyst. [1]
The three possible arrangements of the nitro groups afford three isomers, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 1,4-dinitrobenzene. Each isomer has the chemical formula C 6 H 4 N 2 O 4 and a molar mass of about 168.11 g/mol. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is the most common isomer and it is used in the manufacture of explosives.
In contrast, 2-methyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene (2c) is isolated in only 9.9% yield. [4] As witnessed in the above example, when a π-acceptor substituent (πAS) is meta to a π-donor substituent (πDS), the electrophilic aromatic nitration occurs ortho to the πAS rather than para.
The gauche effect is very sensitive to solvent effects, due to the large difference in polarity between the two conformers.For example, 2,3-dinitro-2,3-dimethylbutane, which in the solid state exists only in the gauche conformation, prefers the gauche conformer in benzene solution by a ratio of 79:21, but in carbon tetrachloride, it prefers the anti conformer by a ratio of 58:42. [9]
Hansen solubility parameters were developed by Charles M. Hansen in his Ph.D thesis in 1967 [1] [2] as a way of predicting if one material will dissolve in another and form a solution. [3] They are based on the idea that like dissolves like where one molecule is defined as being 'like' another if it bonds to itself in a similar way.
m-Phenylenediamine, also called 1,3-diaminobenzene, is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2.It is an isomer of o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine.This aromatic diamine is a colourless solid that appears as needles, but turns red or purple on exposure to air due to formation of oxidation products. [3]
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Nitrobenzenes are a group of nitro compounds consisting of one or more nitro groups as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C 6 H 6–n (NO 2) n, where n = 1–6 is the number of nitro groups. Depending on the number of nitro groups, there may be several constitutional isomers possible. Mononitrobenzene; Dinitrobenzene. 1,2 ...