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  2. Mutualism (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)

    Wright's mathematical theory is based on the premise of a simple two-species mutualism model in which the benefits of mutualism become saturated due to limits posed by handling time. Wright defines handling time as the time needed to process a food item, from the initial interaction to the start of a search for new food items and assumes that ...

  3. Mutualisms and conservation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualisms_and_conservation

    Mutualisms are remarkably common, in fact all organisms are believed to be involved in a mutualism at some point during their lives (Bronstein et al. 2004). This is particularly likely to be true for the definition of mutualism adopted here, where herbivory can paradoxically be mutualistic, for example in a situation where a plant ...

  4. Obligate mutualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Obligate_mutualism

    The formation of the facultative mutualism requires that the species involved all benefit from their mutual cooperation. This mutualism, though it is to the benefit of said species, is best understood as co-exploitation. Facultative mutualism occurs when species' interests align, so that each may reciprocally exploit the other to the benefit of ...

  5. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Mutualism is an interaction between two or more species, where species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity. Similar interactions within a species are known as co-operation. Mutualism may be classified in terms of the closeness of association, the closest being symbiosis, which is often confused with mutualism.

  6. Ecological facilitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_facilitation

    Mutualism is an interaction between species that is beneficial to both. A familiar example of a mutualism is the relationship between flowering plants and their pollinators. [2] [3] The plant benefits from the spread of pollen between flowers, while the pollinator receives some form of nourishment, either from nectar or the pollen itself.

  7. Trophic mutualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_mutualism

    Perhaps the most widely acclaimed example of a trophic mutualism was the discovery of the leafcutter ant that engage in trophic mutualism with a fungus. [9] These ants cultivate a certain type of fungus by providing it with leaves and other nutrients. In turn, the ants will feed on a special nutrient that is only created by the fungus they nurture.

  8. Ectosymbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectosymbiosis

    Mutualism is a form of ectosymbiosis where both the host and parasitic species benefit from the interaction. There are many examples of mutualistic ectosymbiosis that occur in nature. One such relationship is between Branchiobdellida and crayfish in which the Branchiobdellida acts as a bacterial gut cleaner for the crayfish species. [10]

  9. Symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis

    Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualism between the plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground. [42] An example of mutualism is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones.