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Synesthetes have appeared in novels including Vladimir Nabokov's The Gift and Invitation to a Beheading. With the increased research into synesthesia from the 1990s into the twenty-first century, more novels have appeared with synesthete-characters. Since 2001, more than 15 novels featuring synesthete-characters have been published.
Following that, there is a list of people who are often wrongly believed to have had synesthesia because they used it as a device in their art, poetry or music (referred to as pseudo-synesthetes). Estimates of prevalence of synesthesia have ranged widely, from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25,000 – 100,000.
Synesthesia is a neurologically based phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. There are many occurrences of synesthesia in books, television and film.
Women have a higher chance of developing synesthesia, as demonstrated in population studies conducted in the city of Cambridge, England where females were 6 times more likely to have it. [53] As technological equipment continues to advance, the search for clearer answers regarding the genetics behind synesthesia will become more promising.
Exceptional memory is the ability to have accurate and detailed recall in a variety of ways, including hyperthymesia, eidetic memory, synesthesia, and emotional memory. Exceptional memory is also prevalent in those with savant syndrome and mnemonists .
Chromesthesia or sound-to-color synesthesia is a type of synesthesia in which sound involuntarily evokes an experience of color, shape, and movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Individuals with sound-color synesthesia are consciously aware of their synesthetic color associations/ perceptions in daily life. [ 3 ]
However, there are multiple reports of subjects who have had synesthesia and who have subsequently become blind, and had their synesthesia persist, even in the absence of continued visual input: Steven MS, Hansen PC, Blakemore C. Activation of color-selective areas of the visual cortex in a blind synesthete.
In Flournoy's 1893 reports on OLP, one synesthete identified as Mme L. reports that "1, 2, 3 are children without fixed personalities; they play together. 4 is a good peaceful woman, absorbed by down-to-earth occupations and who takes pleasure in them. 5 is a young man, ordinary and common in his tastes and appearance, but extravagant and self-centered. 6 is a young man of 16 or 17, very well ...