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Example of a webpage using Bootstrap framework rendered in Firefox. The most prominent components of Bootstrap are its layout components, as they affect an entire web page. The basic layout component is called "Container", as every other element in the page is placed in it.
The first comprehensive draft of a grid layout for CSS was created by Phil Cupp at Microsoft in 2011 and implemented in Internet Explorer 10 behind a -ms-vendor prefix. The syntax was restructured and further refined through several iterations in the CSS Working Group , led primarily by Elika Etemad and Tab Atkins Jr.
A CSS framework is a library allowing for easier, more standards-compliant web design using the Cascading Style Sheets language. Most of these frameworks contain at least a grid . More functional frameworks also come with more features and additional JavaScript based functions, but are mostly design oriented and focused around interactive UI ...
Luke Wroblewski has summarized some of the RWD and mobile design challenges and created a catalog of multi-device layout patterns. [15] [16] [17] He suggested that, compared with a simple HWD approach [clarification needed], device experience or RESS (responsive web design with server-side components) approaches can provide a user experience that is better optimized for mobile devices.
Material Design (codenamed Quantum Paper) [4] is a design language developed by Google in 2014. Expanding on the "cards" that debuted in Google Now , Material Design uses more grid-based layouts, responsive animations and transitions, padding, and depth effects such as lighting and shadows.
In web design, the holy grail is a web page layout which has multiple equal-height columns that are defined with style sheets. It is commonly desired and implemented, but for many years, the various ways in which it could be implemented with available technologies all had drawbacks. [1]
CSS Flexible Box Layout, commonly known as Flexbox, [2] is a CSS web layout model. [4] It is in the W3C 's candidate recommendation (CR) stage. [ 2 ] The flex layout allows responsive elements within a container to be automatically arranged depending on viewport (device screen) size.
Stage 1: the bootstrap compiler is produced. This compiler is enough to translate its own source into a program which can be executed on the target machine. At this point, all further development is done using the language defined by the bootstrap compiler, and stage 2 begins. Stage 2: a full compiler is produced by the bootstrap compiler.