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  2. Trough (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_(geology)

    In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Although it is less steep than a trench, a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. There are various oceanic troughs on the ocean floors.

  3. Sag (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sag_(geology)

    In geology a sag, or trough, is a depressed, persistent, low area; the opposite of an arch, or ridge, a raised, persistent, high area.The terms sag and arch were used historically to describe very large features, for example, characterizing North America as two arches with a sag between them.

  4. Crest and trough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_and_trough

    A trough is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point of the wave. When the crests and troughs of two sine waves of equal amplitude and frequency intersect or collide, while being in phase with each other, the result is called constructive interference and the magnitudes double (above and below the line).

  5. Rift valley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley

    One of the best known examples of this process is the East African Rift. [1] On Earth, rifts can occur at all elevations, from the sea floor to plateaus and mountain ranges in continental crust or in oceanic crust. They are often associated with a number of adjoining subsidiary or co-extensive valleys, which are typically considered part of the ...

  6. Agnes Pockels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Pockels

    Soaps are examples of surfactants, which are molecules which have a hydrophilic portion of the molecule, while the remainder is hydrophobic. These are insoluble in the water and tend to reside on the surface of the water. When placing small amounts of the surfactants in her sliding trough, Pockels found that the effect on surface tension was small.

  7. Peak-to-trough ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak-to-trough_ratio

    Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...

  8. Pneumatic trough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_trough

    Pneumatic trough with bulb suspended from hanger, as invented by Stephen Hales. A pneumatic trough is a piece of laboratory apparatus used for collecting gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. It is mainly made of glass or various fibres and are of various sizes. It was invented by Stephen Hales. [1]

  9. Trough (meteorology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)

    A lee trough, also known as a dynamic trough, is "A pressure trough formed on the lee side of a mountain range in situations where the wind is blowing with a substantial component across the mountain ridge; often seen on United States weather maps east of the Rocky Mountains, and sometimes east of the Appalachians, where it is less pronounced."