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Multiple studies have been conducted to determine the mechanism behind ozone's harmful effects, particularly in the lungs. These studies have shown that exposure to ozone causes changes in the immune response within the lung tissue, resulting in disruption of both the innate and adaptive immune response, as well as altering the protective ...
A feasibility study of the ozone formed from the oxidation of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air reported by the WHO suggested that daily deaths of 1 to 2% is attributed to exposure to ozone concentration above 47.3 ppb and exposure above 75.7 ppb is attributed to 3 to 5% increase in daily mortality. A level of 114 ppb was attributed to 5 to 9% ...
Depending on the type and amount of irritant gas inhaled, victims can experience symptoms ranging from minor respiratory discomfort to acute airway and lung injury and even death. A common response cascade to a variety of irritant gases includes inflammation , edema and epithelial sloughing , which if left untreated can result in scar formation ...
The NIOSH definition does not include oxygen deficiency (below 19.5%) although atmosphere-supplying breathing apparatus is also required. [3] Examples include high altitudes and unventilated, confined spaces .
But when you sneeze, you expel air and change up that flow, forcing odorous particles in your nose or throat upward to the olfactory nerve high in the nasal cavity, which transmits information ...
An old sewer gas chimney in Stonehouse, Plymouth, England, built in the 1880s to disperse sewer gas above residents. Sewer gas is a complex, generally obnoxious smelling mixture of toxic and nontoxic gases produced and collected in sewage systems by the decomposition of organic household or industrial wastes, typical components of sewage.
Whiffing nasty things is a part of life—but a foul nose shouldn’t be. ENT doctors explain the reasons for a bad smell in your nose and how to get rid of it.
Even for those in the 4%, there may still be hope, since some get their sense of smell back as late as three years after their infection, experts say. There are treatments that may help, ...