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The black liquor comprises 15% solids by weight of which two thirds are organic chemicals and the remainder are inorganic. [3] Normally the organics in black liquor are 40-45% soaps, [4] 35-45% lignin and 10-15% other organics. The organic matter in the black liquor is made up of water/alkali soluble degradation components from the wood. [1]
The Chemrec process for gasification of black liquor from the chemical pulp industry offers to increase the yield of high-value energy products from 15 to 16% in modern recovery boilers to 22–23% for the BLG electricity concept (BLGCC) or to 55% for the BLG bio fuel concept (BLGMF), with 90+% green-house gas reduction.
The United States is one of the biggest paper consumers in the world. Between 1990 and 2002, paper consumption in the United States increased from 84.9 million tons to 97.3 million tons. In 2006, there were approximately 450 paper mills in the United States, accounting for $68 billion. [1]
The higher the dry solids, the less water the black liquor contains and the hotter the adiabatic combustion temperature. Black liquor dry solids have always been limited by the ability of available evaporation. [13] Virgin black liquor dry solids of recovery boilers is shown as a function of purchase year of that boiler.
This energy is generated from wood leftovers (bark and chips) and from black liquor, which in principle is 50% of the incoming wood (as the yield is less than 50% and a majority of the rest ends up in the black liquor). [4] In the mechanical pulp mills the majority of the electricity is converted to heat, creating steam which is utilized in the ...
The weak black liquor is further evaporated to 65% or even 80% solids ("heavy black liquor" [10]) and burned in the recovery boiler to recover the inorganic chemicals for reuse in the pulping process. Higher solids in the concentrated black liquor increases the energy and chemical efficiency of the recovery cycle, but also gives higher ...
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International Paper is the world's largest pulp and paper maker. Paper mill Mondi in Slovakia. The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Diagram showing the sections of the Fourdrinier machine