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Transpiration of water in xylem Stoma in a tomato leaf shown via colorized scanning electron microscope The clouds in this image of the Amazon Rainforest are a result of evapotranspiration. Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.
The processes that drive these movements are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, sublimation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid and vapor. The ocean plays a key role in the water cycle as it is the source of 86% of global evaporation.
Evapotranspiration is a combination of evaporation and transpiration, measured in order to better understand crop water requirements, irrigation scheduling, [4] and watershed management. [5] The two key components of evapotranspiration are: Evaporation: the movement of water directly to the air from sources such as the soil and water bodies.
A 2022 World Resources Institute report says that albedo, surface roughness, and aerosols, along with evapotranspiration, generate clouds that increase the albedo cooling effect. They calculate that reduced emissions from tropical forest loss could achieve 2.8 gigatonnes of CO 2 per year, and an additional 1.4 gigatonnes of CO 2 per year of ...
Transpiration refers to the expiration of water through the minute pores or stomata of trees. Evapotranspiration is the term used by hydrologists in reference to the three processes together, transpiration, sublimation and evaporation. [12] Marq de Villiers has described the hydrosphere as a closed system in which water exists. The hydrosphere ...
The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).
The ascent of sap in the xylem tissue of plants is the upward movement of water and minerals from the root to the aerial parts of the plant. The conducting cells in xylem are typically non-living and include, in various groups of plants, vessel members and tracheids.
The main ways water vapor is added to the air are: wind convergence into areas of upward motion, [12] precipitation or virga falling from above, [24] daytime heating evaporating water from the surface of oceans, water bodies or wet land, [25] transpiration from plants, [26] cool or dry air moving over warmer water, [27] and lifting air over ...