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  2. Silicon photonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_photonics

    The majority of silicon photonic communications have so far been limited to telecom [31] and datacom applications, [32] [33] where the reach is of several kilometers or several meters respectively. Silicon photonics, however, is expected to play a significant role in computercom as well, where optical links have a reach in the centimeter to ...

  3. Slot-waveguide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot-waveguide

    The slot-waveguide was born in 2003 as an unexpected outcome of theoretical studies on metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) electro-optic modulation in high-confinement silicon photonic waveguides by Vilson Rosa de Almeida and Carlos Angulo Barrios, then a Ph.D. student and a postdoctoral associate, respectively, at Cornell University.

  4. Optical coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_coating

    High-reflection (HR) coatings work the opposite way to antireflection coatings. The general idea is usually based on the periodic layer system composed from two materials, one with a high index, such as zinc sulfide (n=2.32) or titanium dioxide (n=2.4), and one with a low index, such as magnesium fluoride (n=1.38) or silicon dioxide (n=1.49).

  5. Optical ring resonators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_ring_resonators

    The light travelling through the waveguides in an optical ring resonator remains within the waveguides due to the ray optics phenomenon known as total internal reflection (TIR). TIR is an optical phenomenon that occurs when a ray of light strikes the boundary of a medium and fails to refract through the boundary.

  6. Photolithography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolithography

    Furthermore, insulating materials such as silicon dioxide, when exposed to photons with energy greater than the band gap, release free electrons and holes which subsequently cause adverse charging. Optical lithography has been extended to feature sizes below 50 nm using the 193 nm ArF excimer laser and liquid immersion techniques.

  7. Silicon on insulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_on_insulator

    NanoCleave is a technology developed by Silicon Genesis Corporation that separates the silicon via stress at the interface of silicon and silicon-germanium alloy. [18] ELTRAN is a technology developed by Canon which is based on porous silicon and water cut. [19] Seed methods [20] - wherein the topmost Si layer is grown directly on the insulator ...

  8. Silicate mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_mineral

    Cyclosilicates (from Greek κύκλος kýklos 'circle'), or ring silicates, have three or more tetrahedra linked in a ring. The general formula is (Si x O 3x) 2x−, where one or more silicon atoms can be replaced by other 4-coordinated atom(s). The silicon:oxygen ratio is 1:3. Double rings have the formula (Si 2x O 5x) 2x− or a 2:5 ratio ...

  9. Zone plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_plate

    Binary zone plate: The areas of each ring, both light and dark, are equal. Sinusoidal zone plate: This type has a single focal point. A zone plate is a device used to focus light or other things exhibiting wave character. [1] Unlike lenses or curved mirrors, zone plates use diffraction instead of refraction or reflection.

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