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The Goldich dissolution series can be applied to Lithosequences, which are a way of characterizing a soil profile based on its parent material. [10] Lithosequences include soils that have undergone relatively similar weathering conditions, so variations in composition are based on the relative weathering rates of parent minerals.
Dissolved load is the portion of a stream's total sediment load that is carried in solution, especially ions from chemical weathering. It is a major contributor to the total amount of material removed from a river's drainage basin , along with suspended load and bed load .
Chemical weathering includes dissolution of matter composing a rock and precipitation in the form of another mineral. Clay minerals, for example can be formed by weathering of feldspar , which is the most common mineral present in igneous rock.
Mineral hydration is a form of chemical weathering that involves the rigid attachment of water molecules or H+ and OH- ions to the atoms and molecules of a mineral. No significant dissolution takes place. For example, iron oxides are converted to iron hydroxides and the hydration of anhydrite forms gypsum. [38]
Metasomatism (from the Greek μετά metá "change" and σῶμα sôma "body") is the chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids. [1] It is traditionally defined as metamorphism which involves a change in the chemical composition, excluding volatile components. [2]
Silica release from phytolith degradation or dissolution is estimated to occur at a rate double that of global silicate mineral weathering. [3] Considering biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems, the import and export of silica to and from terrestrial ecosystems is small.
[6] [9] For example, if CO 2 builds up in the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect will serve to increase the surface temperature, which will in turn increase the rate of rainfall and silicate weathering, which will remove carbon from the atmosphere. In this way, over long timescales, the carbonate-silicate cycle has a stabilizing effect on the ...
Chemical weathering mainly results from the excretion of organic acids and chelating compounds by bacteria [24] and fungi, [25] thought to increase under greenhouse effect. [26] Physical disintegration is the first stage in the transformation of parent material into soil.