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Surgical hernia repair usually prevents anemia recurrence; in 2 large series, post-operative follow-up showed anemia had resolved in 71-92% of subjects. [6] [7] An isotope study showed correction of blood loss after hernia repair. [2] These findings showed that the hernia was the usual cause of the anemia.
Several causes for EGJOO exist. [2] Etiologies include early achalasia, mechanical processes (eosinophilic esophagitis, hiatal hernia, strictures, etc.), esophageal wall thickness (fibrosis, cancer, etc.), compression by nearby blood vessels (external vascular compression), obesity, opioid medication effect, or anatomic abnormalities. [2]
A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. [18] In 2022, over 1 billion people lived with obesity worldwide (879 million adults and 159 million children), representing more than a double of adult cases (and four times higher than cases among children) registered in 1990.
However, a much smaller number actually had hernias: only 23% of children, 8% of adults, and 15% of pregnant women. [ 4 ] When the orifice is small (< 1 or 2 cm), 90% close within 3 years (some sources state 85% of all umbilical hernias, regardless of size), [ citation needed ] and if these hernias are asymptomatic, reducible, and do not ...
An epigastric hernia is a type of hernia that causes fat to push through a weakened area in the walls of the abdomen. It may develop in the epigastrium (upper, central part of the abdomen ). Epigastric hernias are more common in adults and usually appear above the umbilical region of the abdomen.
Hernias might manifest with pain in the area, a noticeable lump, or less specific symptoms caused by pressure on an organ stuck within the hernia, potentially leading to organ dysfunction. Typically, fatty tissue is the initial entrant into a hernia, but it might also involve an organ.
Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern. [1] The term overweight rather than obese is often used when discussing childhood obesity, as it is less stigmatizing, although the term overweight can also refer to a different BMI category. [2]