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Pulmonary (or pulmonic [4]) regurgitation (or insufficiency, incompetence) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent [5] and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole. [6] While a small amount of backflow may occur ordinarily, it is usually only shown on an echocardiogram and
See also Mitral regurgitation. Pulmonic regurgitation: the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, owing to insufficiency of the pulmonic semilunar valve. Tricuspid regurgitation: the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, owing to imperfect functioning (insufficiency) of the tricuspid valve.
Pulsus paradoxus can be caused by several physiologic mechanisms. Anatomically, these can be grouped into: [1] cardiac causes, pulmonary causes and; non-pulmonary and non-cardiac causes. Considered physiologically, pulsus paradoxus is caused by: [citation needed] decreased right heart functional reserve, e.g. myocardial infarction and tamponade,
Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery) Overriding aorta (aortic valve is enlarged and appears to arise from both the left and right ventricles instead of the left ventricle, as occurs in normal hearts)
The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 litres of air. [1] Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing; the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such breath. The average human respiratory rate is 30–60 breaths per minute at birth, [2] decreasing to 12–20 breaths per minute ...
Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. It is approximately equal to Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). [1] [2] A person's vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular spirometer.
The weight loss drug Zepbound, generically known as tirzepatide, is also now an approved medication to treat obstructive sleep apnea, per a Food and Drug Administration Dec. 20 press release.. The ...
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