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The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria.
Microbiomics is the study of microbiome dynamics, function, and structure. [20] This area of study employs several techniques to study the microbiome in its host environment: [ 19 ] Sampling methods focused on collecting representative samples of the local environment, either from oral swabs or stool.
The microbiome is defined as a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonable well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The microbiome not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompass their theatre of activity, which results in the formation of specific ecological niches.
The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent years. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The microbiome has been defined as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties.
It was established in 1924 as Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan (日本農芸化学会紀要, Nihon Nougeikagakukai Kiyou), which was renamed to Agriculture and Biological Chemistry in 1961. [1] [2] The journal took its current name in 1991. [3]
The Journal of Applied Microbiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering applied microbiology.It was established in 1939 as the Proceedings of the Society of Agricultural Bacteriologists, and published under the name Journal of Applied Bacteriology from 1954 to 1996, obtaining its current name in 1997. [1]
Agricultural microbiology is a branch of microbiology dealing with plant-associated microbes and plant and animal diseases. It also deals with the microbiology of soil fertility , such as microbial degradation of organic matter and soil nutrient transformations.
Farmers have manipulated plants and animals through selective breeding for decades of thousands of years in order to create desired traits. In the 20th century, a surge in technology resulted in an increase in agricultural biotechnology through the selection of traits like the increased yield, pest resistance, drought resistance, and herbicide resistance.