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The coins circulated throughout Spain's colonies and beyond, with the eight-real piece, known in English as the Spanish dollar, becoming an international standard and spawning, among other currencies, the United States dollar. A reform in 1737 set the silver real at two and half billon reales (reales de vellón) or eighty-five maravedís.
The Spanish silver dollar had been the world's outstanding coin since the early 16th century, and was spread partially by dint of the vast silver output of the Spanish colonies in Latin America. More important, however, was that the Spanish dollar, from the 16th to the 19th century, was relatively the most stable and least debased coin in the ...
LACMA has built an impressive permanent collection of Spanish American art in just 16 years. Review: What LACMA's collection of Spanish American art, 1500-1800, says about the world today Skip to ...
Eight Spanish Escudos (1687) The first escudo was a gold coin introduced in 1535/1537, with coins denominated in escudos issued until 1833. It was initially worth 16 reales. When different reales were introduced, the escudo became worth 16 reales de plata in 1642, then 16 reales de plata fuerte or 40 reales de vellón from 1737.
The piece of eight had the same intrinsic value as the thaler and by the end of the 17th century it too was being called dollar (and was so designated in Jamaican monetary legislation of 1738). By the mid 18th century the piece of eight was commonly known in British North America as the Spanish dollar.
The first ordinance officially devaluing the Spanish non-colonial real came out in 1642, with the real provincial debased from 67 to 83 + 3 ⁄ 4 to a mark of silver (hence, 10 reales to the dollar). Actual coins worth 1 ⁄ 2 , 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales provincial (the latter worth 4 ⁄ 5 of a dollar and called peso maria ) were minted in 1686 and ...
During the raid, police found 20 million euros, or around $21.1 million, in cash hidden in the walls and ceilings of the couple's home in Alcala de Henares, a town of around 195,000 inhabitants ...
Italian fashion uniquely featured a broad U-shape rather than a V. [14] Spanish women also wore boned, heavy corsets known as "Spanish bodies" that compressed the torso into a smaller but equally geometric cone. [23] Bodices could be high-necked or have a broad, low, square neckline, often with a slight arch at the front early in the period.