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In the context of a positive Hoover's sign, functional weakness (or "conversion disorder") is much more likely than malingering or factitious disorder. [3] Strong hip muscles can make the test difficult to interpret. [4] Efforts have been made to use the theory behind the sign to report a quantitative result. [5]
Primary gain can be a component of any disease, but is most typically demonstrated in conversion disorder — a psychiatric disorder in which stressors manifest themselves as physical symptoms without organic causes, such as a person who becomes blind after seeing a murder. The "gain" may not be particularly evident to an outside observer.
Individuals diagnosed with conversion disorder have a greater chance of experiencing certain psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders compared to those diagnosed with neurological disorders. [2] Conversion disorder was partly retained in the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, but was renamed to functional ...
[1] [2] The intended contrast is with an organic brain syndrome, where a pathology (disease process) which affects the body's physiology can be identified. Subsets of functional neurological disorder include functional neurologic symptom disorder (FNsD), functional movement disorder, and functional seizures. The diagnosis is made based on ...
Pure malingering: feigning a disorder or illness that is nonexistent. It is arguably the most simple to detect. It is arguably the most simple to detect. This is because malingerers of this type tend to provide unreliable, additional symptoms when describing their supposed disorder, since they have to create an entire story from scratch.
The woman accused of stabbing a postal worker to death over a spot in line at a Harlem deli has a long history of knife violence — and once threatened “to cut” one of her previous victims.
Malingering differs fundamentally from factitious disorders in that the malingerer simulates illness intending to obtain a material benefit or avoid an obligation or responsibility. Somatic symptom disorders , though also diagnoses of exclusion , are characterized by physical complaints that are not produced intentionally.
The data suggest that for every incident of physical attack or fight with a weapon referred to local law enforcement from schools without regular contact with SROs, 2.56 are referred in schools with regular contact with SROs, with p < 0.05. This is after controlling for state statutes that require school officials to refer students to law ...