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β-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-hydroxybutyric acid or BHB, is an organic compound and a beta hydroxy acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H; its conjugate base is β-hydroxybutyrate, also known as 3-hydroxybutyrate. β-Hydroxybutyric acid is a chiral compound with two enantiomers: D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and L-β-hydroxybutyric acid.
[4] [3] Although, β-hydroxybutyrate is technically not a ketone due to the structure of the molecule (OH- attached to carbonyl group makes this an acid), β-HB acts like a ketone, providing the body with energy in the absence of glucose. [1] In fact, β-Hydroxybutyrate is the most abundant ketone-like molecule in the blood during ketosis. [5 ...
Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules or compounds that contain the ketone groups produced from fatty acids by the liver (ketogenesis). [1] [2] Ketone bodies are readily transported into tissues outside the liver, where they are converted into acetyl-CoA (acetyl-Coenzyme A) – which then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and is oxidized for energy.
Hydroxybutyric acid is a group of four-carbon organic compounds that have both hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] They can be viewed as derivatives of butyric acid . The carboxylate anion and the esters of hydroxybutyric acids are known as hydroxybutyrates . β-hydroxybutyric acid is relevant to human health as it is a member ...
Both acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are acidic, and, if levels of these ketone bodies are too high, the pH of the blood drops, resulting in ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis is known to occur in untreated type I diabetes (see diabetic ketoacidosis ) and in alcoholics after prolonged binge-drinking without intake of sufficient carbohydrates (see ...
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid is a member of the carboxylic acid family of organic compounds. [50] It is a structural analog of butyric acid with a hydroxyl functional group and a methyl substituent located on its beta carbon. [50] [53] By extension, other structural analogs include β-hydroxybutyric acid and β-methylbutyric acid. [50] [53]
The Food and Drug Administration's new rules on "healthy" food labels are voluntary and are scheduled to take effect at the end of February.
It is sensitive to acetoacetate only, and the ratio of beta-hydroxybutyric to acetoacetate is shifted from a normal value of around 1:1 up to around 10:1 under severely ketoacetotic conditions, due to a changing redox milieu in the liver. Measuring acetoacetate alone will thus underestimate the accompanying beta-hydroxybutyrate if the standard ...