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  2. Wheat middlings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_middlings

    White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500–900 microns ...

  3. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  4. Cereal germ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_germ

    Detailed illustration of the different parts constituting a wheat kernel. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant; [1] it is the seed embryo. [2] Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products.

  5. Endosperm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosperm

    In the caryopsis, the thin fruit wall is fused to the seed coat. Therefore, the nutritious part of the grain is the seed and its endosperm. In some cases (e.g. wheat, rice) the endosperm is selectively retained in food processing (commonly called white flour), and the embryo and seed coat removed. The processed grain has a lower quality of ...

  6. Triticale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticale

    When crossing wheat and rye, wheat is used as the female parent and rye as the male parent (pollen donor). The resulting hybrid is sterile and must be treated with colchicine to induce polyploidy and thus the ability to reproduce itself. The primary producers of triticale are Poland, Germany, Belarus, France and Russia.

  7. Gloger's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloger's_rule

    The Algerian subspecies of Thekla's Lark (Galerida theklae) demonstrate Gloger's Rule.Left to right: G.t."harterti" (=ruficolor) from the warm and humid coastal plains G.t."hilgerti" (=superflua) from the colder and drier Atlas Mountains

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    mail.aol.com/?offerId=netscapeconnect-en-us

    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Chargaff's rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargaff's_rules

    A diagram of DNA base pairing, demonstrating the basis for Chargaff's rules. Chargaff's rules (given by Erwin Chargaff) state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.