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Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness, or ...
Botulinum toxin A has also been used to treat spasmodic torticollis (i.e., involuntarily neck turning), blepharospasm (involuntary contraction of the eye lids), and other uncontrolled facial muscle spasms in people with myasthenia gravis without side effects or with only short-lived dysphagia or diplopia. Botulinum toxin A treatment, it is ...
There are three mainstays of treatment of hyperkalemia. These are stabilization of cardiac cells , shift of potassium into the cells, and removal of potassium from the body. [ 3 ] [ 14 ] Stabilization of cardiac muscle cells is done by administering calcium intravenously. [ 3 ]
Common side effects include low blood pressure, increased saliva production, muscle pain, and rash. [7] Serious side effects include malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemia and allergic reactions. [8] [9] It is not recommended in people who are at risk of high blood potassium or a history of myopathy. [6] Use during pregnancy appears to be safe ...
Patiromer was generally well tolerated in studies. Side effects that occurred in more than 2% of patients included in clinical trials were mainly gastro-intestinal problems such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence, and also hypomagnesemia (low levels of magnesium in the blood) in 5% of patients, because patiromer binds magnesium in the gut as well.
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness, with attacks often beginning in childhood. [1] Depending on the type and severity of the HyperKPP, it can increase or stabilize until the fourth or fifth decade where attacks may cease, decline, or, depending on the type, continue on into old age.
The muscle damage is most usually caused by a crush injury, strenuous exercise, medications, or a substance use disorder. [3] Other causes include infections , electrical injury , heat stroke , prolonged immobilization, lack of blood flow to a limb , or snake bites [ 3 ] as well as intense or prolonged exercise, particularly in hot conditions ...
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases . The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles ; another likely cause is viral infection , especially when there has been no injury .