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Xanthomonas campestris is commonly used industrially to produce a water-soluble exo-polysaccharide, known as xanthan gum, from fermentation of carbon sources like glucose. [5] In this process, a preserved culture of the gram-negative bacterium is expanded through growth and then used as an inoculum in bioreactors with liquid growth media .
Xanthomonas (from greek: xanthos – "yellow"; monas – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. [1] There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
Diffusible signal factor (DSF) is found in several gram-negative bacteria and play a role in the formation of biofilms, motility, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. [1] Xanthomonas campestris was the first bacteria known to have DSF. [1] The synthesis of the DSF can be seen in rpfF and rpfB enzymes. [2]
Warm and wet conditions favor plant infection by Xcc and the development of disease. [6] [8] Free moisture is required for host invasion, considering that the natural route of infection is through the hydathodes. The optimum temperature range for bacterial growth and host symptom development is between 25° and 30 °C.
Xanthomonas axonopodis has the capability to form a biofilm for attachment on the host. The biofilm is the result of the production of extracellular polysaccharides . The biofilm ensures the virulence and epiphytic survival of X. axonopodis pv. citri prior to the development of citrus canker.
Xanthomonas are Gram-negative bacteria that can infect a wide variety of plant species including pepper/capsicum, rice, citrus, cotton, tomato, and soybeans. [7] Some types of Xanthomonas cause localized leaf spot or leaf streak while others spread systemically and cause black rot or leaf blight disease.
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Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot (BLS) on peppers and tomatoes. It is a gram-negative and rod-shaped. [1] It causes symptoms throughout the above-ground portion of the plant including leaf spots, fruit spots and stem cankers.