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Deontic modality (abbreviated DEO) is a linguistic modality that indicates how the world ought to be [1] according to certain norms, expectations, speaker desires, etc. In other words, a deontic expression indicates that the state of the world (where 'world' is loosely defined here in terms of the surrounding circumstances) does not meet some standard or ideal, whether that standard be social ...
Propositional Modality can be further subdivided into Epistemic Modality [11] and; Evidential Modality. Event Modality in turn can be of two types: Deontic Modality [12] and; Dynamic Modality. In Deontic Modality, the conditioning factors are external to the relevant individual or speaker, whereas with Dynamic Modality they are internal. [13]
(expressing deontic modality) The sentence in (1) might be spoken by someone who has decided that all of the relevant facts in a particular murder investigation point to the conclusion that Agatha was the murderer, even though it may or may not actually be the case.
Deontic mood describes whether one could or should be able to do something. An example of deontic mood is: She should/may start. On the other hand, epistemic mood describes the chance or possibility of something happening. This would then change our example to: She may have started. To further explain modality, linguists introduce weak mood.
dynamic modality, [2] which may be distinguished from deontic modality in that, with dynamic modality, the conditioning factors are internal – the subject's own ability or willingness to act [3] The following sentences illustrate epistemic and deontic uses of the English modal verb must: epistemic: You must be starving.
In deontic modal logic, that same formula can represent that is a moral obligation. Modal logic considers the inferences that modal statements give rise to. Modal logic considers the inferences that modal statements give rise to.
Deontic logic is the field of philosophical logic that is concerned with obligation, permission, and related concepts. Alternatively, a deontic logic is a formal system that attempts to capture the essential logical features of these concepts. It can be used to formalize imperative logic, or directive modality in natural languages.
Free choice inferences are most widely studied for deontic modals, but also arise with other flavors of modality as well as imperatives, conditionals, and other kinds of operators. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 4 ] Indefinite noun phrases give rise to a similar inference which is also referred to as "free choice" though researchers disagree as to whether ...