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Where the phase of the pole and the zero both are present, the straight-line phase plot is horizontal because the 45°/decade drop of the pole is arrested by the overlapping 45°/decade rise of the zero in the limited range of frequencies where both are active contributors to the phase. Example with pole and zero
The number is in units of 30 degrees. For example, a transformer with a vector group of Dy1 has a delta-connected HV winding and a wye-connected LV winding. The phase angle of the LV winding lags the HV by 30 degrees. Note that the high-voltage (HV) side always comes before the low-voltage (LV) side, regardless of which is the primary winding.
If two electrical networks operating at two different phase angles were to be connected to each other, a fault similar to a short circuit would occur, presenting a hazard of damage to the generator or other equipment. The position (as opposed to rotation) of the pointer on a synchroscope indicates the phase angle between the two systems.
For some objects, such as the Moon (see lunar phases), Venus and Mercury the phase angle (as seen from the Earth) covers the full 0–180° range. The superior planets cover shorter ranges. For example, for Mars the maximum phase angle is about 45°. For Jupiter, the maximum is 11.1° and for Saturn 6°. [1]
The source (generator or sub-network) must have equal root-mean-square voltage, frequency, phase sequence, phase angle, and waveform to that of the system to which it is being synchronized. [1] Waveform and phase sequence are fixed by the construction of the generator and its connections to the system.
In this operating mode, the controller changes the phase angle α of the thyristor ignition timing. A half wave corresponds to 180 ° el. (electrical degree). The actuator can adjust the phase angle of 0 ° el. (maximum power) up to 180 ° el. (no power). In a 50 Hz mains the controller switches every 20 ms and shows very fast behavior.
They have a phase angle close to a value of π /4 within the chirp range / and they only start to change significantly for frequencies beyond this range. Consequently, for frequencies within the sweep range of the chirp, it is the square-law phase term Φ 1( ω ) and its group delay function ( = -d Φ 1/d( ω ) ) that are of most interest.
Conversely, a phase reversal or phase inversion implies a 180-degree phase shift. [ 2 ] When the phase difference φ ( t ) {\displaystyle \varphi (t)} is a quarter of turn (a right angle, +90° = π/2 or −90° = 270° = −π/2 = 3π/2 ), sinusoidal signals are sometimes said to be in quadrature , e.g., in-phase and quadrature components of a ...