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Independence, autonomy and the ability to control learning experiences has come to play an increasingly important role in language education. [9] Principles of learner autonomy could be:(Frank Lacey) Autonomy means moving the focus from teaching to learning. Autonomy affords maximum possible influence to the learners.
"Autonomy in language teaching and learning" - Phil Benson, January 2007 40:1, pp 21-40 "Standards of English and politics of inclusion" - Adrian Holliday, January 2008 41:1, pp 119-130 "Non-native English-speaking English language teachers: History and research" - Lucie Moussu and Enric Llurda, July 2008 41:3, pp 315-348
The Silent Way is a language-teaching approach created by Caleb Gattegno that is notable for the 'silence' of the teacher. (Who is not actually mute, but who rarely, if ever, models language for the students.) Gattegno first described the approach in 1963, in his book Teaching Foreign Languages in Schools: The Silent Way. [1]
The Kanda English Language Proficiency (KELP) program at Kanda University of International Studies in Japan is not a self-access center per se, but rather a program in which all English language classrooms become independent-learning or self-access centers. Work that is typically done in a self-access center as an adjunct to traditional ...
Scott Thornbury (born 1950 in New Zealand) is an internationally recognized academic and teacher trainer in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). Along with Luke Meddings, Thornbury is credited with developing the Dogme language teaching approach, which emphasizes meaningful interaction and emergent language over prepared materials and following an explicit syllabus.
The development of language pedagogy came in three stages. [citation needed] In the late 1800s and most of the 1900s, it was usually conceived in terms of method.In 1963, the University of Michigan Linguistics Professor Edward Mason Anthony Jr. formulated a framework to describe them into three levels: approach, method, and technique.
Language education – the process and practice of teaching a second or foreign language – is primarily a branch of applied linguistics, but can be an interdisciplinary field. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences , and multiple literacies.
The Teachability Hypothesis favours teaching according to natural development, it has supported second/foreign language pedagogies teaching approaches such as the Learning-Centered approach. [3] It has also supported classroom structure, instruction time, and use of first language in the classroom. [ 4 ]