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The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
In both men and women, possible side effects of CPA include low sex hormone levels, reversible infertility, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, depression, weight gain, and elevated liver enzymes. With prolonged use, brain tumors prompting surgery are common, from 5% at high doses [16] to 2% at low doses.
Pilocytic astrocytoma (and its variant pilomyxoid astrocytoma) is a brain tumor that occurs most commonly in children and young adults (in the first 20 years of life). They usually arise in the cerebellum, near the brainstem, in the hypothalamic region, or the optic chiasm, but they may occur in any area where astrocytes are present, including the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord.
Removal of tumor tissues helps decrease the pressure of the tumor on nearby parts of the brain. [17] The main goal of surgery is to remove as much as possible of the tumor mass while preserving normal brain function, and to relieve the symptoms caused by the tumor such as headache, nausea and vomiting. [ 18 ]
Cyproterone acetate also has a variety of other adverse effects, such as fatigue and weight gain, and risks, such as blood clots and benign brain tumors, among others. [ 30 ] [ 73 ] [ 123 ] High dosages of cyproterone-based medication have been linked with meningioma . [ 124 ]
Symptoms related to increased pressure in the brain often disappear after surgical removal of the tumor. Effects like seizures might progressively improve as recovery progresses. Steroid treatment is often used to control tissue swelling that may occur before and after surgery.
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However, surgery can still reduce or control tumor size. [citation needed] Possible side effects of surgical intervention include brain swelling, which can be treated with steroids, and epileptic seizures. Complete surgical excision of low-grade tumors is associated with a good prognosis.
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