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In the United States, a federal judge is a judge who serves on a court established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution.Often called "Article III judges", federal judges include the chief justice and associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit judges of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, district judges of the U.S. District Courts, and judges of the U.S. Court of International Trade.
Article III courts (also called Article III tribunals) are the U.S. Supreme Court and the inferior courts of the United States established by Congress, which currently are the 13 United States courts of appeals, the 91 United States district courts (including the districts of D.C. and Puerto Rico, but excluding the territorial district courts of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the ...
This transformed the article IV United States territorial court in Puerto Rico, created in 1900, to an Article III federal judicial district court. The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 , frequently called the court-packing plan , [ 6 ] was a legislative initiative to add more justices to the Supreme Court proposed by President Franklin D ...
All federal courts can be readily identified by the words "United States" (abbreviated to "U.S.") in their official names; no state court may include this designation as part of its name. [3] The federal courts are generally divided between trial courts, which hear cases in the first instance, and appellate courts, which review contested ...
A judge of a United States district court is officially titled a "United States District Judge". Other federal judges, including circuit judges and Supreme Court justices, can also sit in a district court upon assignment by the chief judge of the circuit or by the Chief Justice of the United States.
Every one of the 3,200+ United States Article III federal judges has been nominated by the President of the United States and effectively voted into office for life ("during good behavior") by the United States Senate (with the rare exception of rejected recess appointments). Once in office, federal judges routinely decide cases affecting the ...
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As of December 20, 2024, the United States Senate has confirmed 235 Article III judges nominated by Biden: one associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 45 judges for the United States courts of appeals, 187 judges for the United States district courts and two judges for the United States Court of International Trade. There ...