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As human and bacteria both have ribosomes, streptomycin has significant side effects in humans. At low concentrations, however, streptomycin inhibits only bacterial growth. [18] Streptomycin is an antibiotic that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, [19] and is therefore a useful broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Certain Streptomyces antibioticus strains produce antibiotics that have yet to be named and thoroughly characterized, such as the one mentioned in a 1998 study from Calcutta University. [9] The antibiotic described was found to show antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. [9]
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota, and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. [3] Over 700 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. [4] [5] [6] As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have very large genomes with high GC content.
Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria can also be treated with aminoglycosides, but other types of antibiotics are more potent and less damaging to the host. In the past, the aminoglycosides have been used in conjunction with beta-lactam antibiotics in streptococcal infections for their synergistic effects, in particular in endocarditis.
Aminocoumarin is a class of antibiotics that act by an inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme involved in the cell division in bacteria. They are derived from Streptomyces species, [1] whose best-known representative – Streptomyces coelicolor – was completely sequenced in 2002. [2] The aminocoumarin antibiotics include: [3]
In fact, bacteria from the genus Streptomyces produce 75% of commercially and medically useful antibiotics. [15] In 1942, Streptothricin, an antibiotic made by Actinomycetes, was found to be produced by a strain of S. lavendulae. [16] Many natural compounds have led to the discovery of drugs used to treat human disease.
Skeletal formula of tetracycline with atoms and four rings numbered and labeled.. Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds. [1]
Novobiocin, also known as albamycin, is an aminocoumarin antibiotic that is produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces niveus, which has recently been identified as a subjective synonym for S. spheroides [1] a member of the class Actinomycetia. Other aminocoumarin antibiotics include clorobiocin and coumermycin A1. [2]
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