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Streptomyces verticillus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the genus Streptomyces.Whilst screening fermentation broths of this species for bioactivity in the early 1960s, Hamao Umezawa and colleagues at the Institute of Microbial Chemistry in Tokyo identified a family of glycopeptide antitumor antibiotics called the bleomycins. [1]
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota, and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. [3] Over 700 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive , and have very large genomes with high GC content .
The following is a list of Streptomyces species, organized alphabetically by species name. [1] Names that have not been validated according to the Bacteriological Code are enclosed in "quotes". As of June 2021 [update] , there are 679 valid species of Streptomyces and an additional 121 provisional species. [ 1 ]
Pingyangmycin (also known as bleomycin A 5) is an antitumor glycopeptide antibiotic belonging to the bleomycin family, which is produced by Streptomyces verticillus var. pingyangensis n.sp., a variety of Streptomyces verticillus. It was discovered in 1969 at Pingyang County of Zhejiang Province in China, and was brought into clinical use in ...
Bleomycin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from a bacterium, Streptomyces verticillus. Its mechanism of action involves bleomycin binding to guanine bases in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron. [21] The oxidation donates an electron that the oxygen accepts to form a reactive species of oxygen.
Bleomycin was first discovered in 1962 when the Japanese scientist Hamao Umezawa found anticancer activity while screening culture filtrates of Streptomyces verticillus. Umezawa published his discovery in 1966. [23] The drug was launched in Japan by Nippon Kayaku in 1969. In the US, bleomycin gained FDA approval in July 1973.
Zeocin is a trade name for a formulation of phleomycin D1, a glycopeptide antibiotic and one of the phleomycins from Streptomyces verticillus belonging to the bleomycin family of antibiotics. [1] It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against most aerobic organisms including bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeast, plant, and animal ...
Bleomycin is one of the antitumour antibiotics and is a fermentation product of Streptomyces verticillus. It has a unique mechanism of action, making it an important agent in treating Hodgkin disease and testicular cancer.