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The Space Shuttle external tank (ET) carried the propellant for the Space Shuttle Main Engines, and connected the orbiter vehicle with the solid rocket boosters. The ET was 47 m (153.8 ft) tall and 8.4 m (27.6 ft) in diameter, and contained separate tanks for liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
The programme carried out six crewed spaceflights between 1961 and 1963. The program was the first program to put humans into space, with Yuri Gagarin becoming the first man in space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1. [79] Gherman Titov became the first person to stay in orbit for a full day on August 7, 1961, aboard the Vostok 2. [80]
A test engine is on display at the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia. It was the 25th out of 114 research and development engines built by Rocketdyne and it was fired 35 times. The engine is on loan to the museum from the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. It is the only F-1 on display outside the United States. [21]
The first four Space Launch System flights use modernized and refurbished engines built for the Space Shuttle program. Subsequent flights will make use of a simplified RS-25E engine called the Production Restart, which is under testing and development.
It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in the airless vacuum of space, and remains the only crewed vehicle to land anywhere beyond Earth. Structurally and aerodynamically incapable of flight through Earth's atmosphere, the two-stage Lunar Module was ferried to lunar orbit attached to the Apollo command and service module (CSM ...
1897: The first functional diesel engine – called the Motor 250/400 and designed by Rudolf Diesel – is built by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg in Germany. 1897: The first flat engine is built by Carl Benz. The configuration used later became known as a boxer engine, due to the pistons "punching" back and forth simultaneously. [35]
The Saturn V's final design had several key features. F-1 engines were chosen for the first stage, [9] while new liquid hydrogen propulsion system called J-2 for the second and third stage. [35] [11] NASA had finalized its plans to proceed with von Braun's Saturn designs, and the Apollo space program gained speed. [36]
Musk discussed two engines: a sea-level variant (expansion ratio 40:1) with thrust of 3,050 kN (690,000 lbf) at sea level for the first stage/booster, and a vacuum variant (expansion ratio 200:1) with thrust of 3,285 kN (738,000 lbf) in space. 42 sea-level engines were envisioned in the high-level design of the first stage. [21]