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Fibromyalgia is classified as a disorder of pain processing due to abnormalities in how pain signals are processed in the central nervous system. [25] The International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-11 ) includes fibromyalgia in the category of "Chronic widespread pain," code MG30.01.
Explanatory model of chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as reoccurring or persistent pain lasting more than 3 months. [1] The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage". [2]
Degenerative spinal disorders involve a loss of function in the spine. Pressure on the spinal cord and nerves may be associated with herniation or disc displacement. Brain degeneration also causes central nervous system diseases (i.e. Alzheimer's, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases).
Fibromyalgia is a disorder in which an individual experiences dysfunctional brain activity, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. [20] Research examining tDCS for pain treatment in fibromyalgia has found initial evidence for pain decreases. [20]
Central pain syndrome, also known as central neuropathic pain, [1] is a neurological condition consisting of constant moderate to severe pain due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) which causes a sensitization of the pain system. [2] [3] The extent of pain and the areas affected are related to the cause of the injury. [4]
Nociplastic pain is a longterm complex pain, one of three mechanisms of pain, defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain". [2]
Fibromyalgia; Major depressive disorder [15] 1996: Milnacipran: Shown to be significantly effective in the treatment of depression and fibromyalgia. [15] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States in January 2009, however it is not approved for depression in that country.
Duloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, [1] is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain and central sensitization. [10] [11] It is taken by mouth. [10] Duloxetine is a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI ...