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Some sources say al-Hakim married the jariya (young female servant) known by the title as-Sayyidah but historians are unsure if this is just another name for Amīna. [15] Besides al-Zahir, al-Hakim had a daughter named Sitt Misr (d. 455/1063) who was said to be a princess of generous patronage and a noble character. [15]
Muhammad [a] [b] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [c] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [d] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
Great Qadi (Qadi al-Qudat) is a religious and secular position established during Abbasid Caliphate, specifically under the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid.The position emerged from the necessity to establish a clear separation between the Judiciary and executive authorities, particularly following the flourishing of the Islamic state, the diversification of its institutions, and the expansion of ...
[46] As recorded by Ibn Sa'd, Qatada ibn Di'ama quoted Muhammad: "I was the first human in creation and I am the last one on resurrection". [47] According to a Shia tradition, not only Muhammad, but also Ali preceded the creation of Adam. Accordingly, after the angels prostrated themselves before Adam, God ordered Adam to look at the Throne of God.
Later, he facilitated Muhammad's safe escape to Medina by risking his life as the decoy. [216] In Medina, Ali sworn a pact a brotherhood with Muhammad and later took the hand of Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah, in marriage. [217] Ali commonly acted as Muhammad's secretary in Medina and served as his deputy during the Expedition of Tabuk. [218]
The Quran also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad, "more praiseworthy" (Arabic: أحمد). [13] [14] The penultimate prophet in Islam, Isa ibn Maryam also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad in the Sura As-Saff. [15] Muhammad is also referred to as Hamid, or "Praiser (of God)" (Arabic: حامد), and as Mahmud, or "Most Highly Praised" (Arabic: محمود). [1]
Hakim fought with Muhammad at the Battle of Hunayn. [9]: 439 Afterwards, when Muhammad was distributing gifts to his new followers "to win over their hearts," [5]: 594 Hakim asked for a gift of a hundred camels, and then another hundred, and then a third hundred. Muhammad obliged him, but at the third donation he said: "Hakim, this wealth is ...