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For centuries before World War II, it was the center of the Dutch Jews of Amsterdam — hence, its name (literally Jewish quarter). It is best known as the birthplace of Baruch Spinoza , the home of Rembrandt , and the Jewish ghetto of Nazi occupation of the Netherlands .
It commemorates the approximately 102,000 Jewish victims from the Netherlands who were arrested by the Nazi regime during the German occupation of the country (1940-1945), deported and mostly murdered in the Auschwitz and Sobibor death camps, as well as 220 Roma and Sinti victims.
The first Ashkenazim, Jews from Central and Eastern Europe, who arrived in Amsterdam were refugees from the Chmielnicki Uprising in Poland and the Thirty Years War.Their numbers soon swelled, eventually outnumbering the Sephardic Jews at the end of the 17th century; by 1674, some 5,000 Ashkenazi Jews were living in Amsterdam, while 2,500 Sephardic Jews called Amsterdam their home. [12]
In the immediate aftermath of World War II, a controversy arose concerning the Jewish children who survived their parents during the Holocaust. The children were often hidden by the Dutch Resistance with non-Jewish families. One scholar of the controversy contends that "The history of the Jewish war orphans in the Netherlands, while part of the ...
During World War II, the Nazis invaded the Netherlands and occupied Amsterdam until their defeat in 1945. The February strike in 1941 was a unique mass protest against the persecution of Jews in Amsterdam which was unprecedented in occupied Europe. [27] Many Amsterdam Jews were hiding which saved their lives.
The Dutch National Holocaust Museum (Dutch: Nationaal Holocaust museum) is the first official museum on the Holocaust in the Netherlands. It is located in an historic building in the Jewish Cultural Quarter of Amsterdam, near a former child care center that played a role in rescuing Jewish children. The museum tells the story of the Holocaust ...
The Henneicke Column (Dutch: Colonne Henneicke) was a group of Dutch Nazi collaborators working in the investigative division of the Central Agency for Jewish Emigration (Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung) in Amsterdam, during the Nazi Germany occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.
The Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam (German: Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung) was the Amsterdam branch of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Berlin. [ 1 ] The office in Amsterdam organised the deportation of Jewish people from the Netherlands to Germany and Poland from 1941 to 1943 .