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  2. Pakistan Penal Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_penal_code

    The Pakistan Penal Code (Urdu: مجموعہ تعزیرات پاکستان; Majmū'ah-yi ta'zīrāt-i Pākistān), abbreviated as PPC, is a penal code for all offences charged in Pakistan. It was originally prepared by Lord Macaulay with a great consultation in 1860 on behalf of the Government of British India as the Indian Penal Code.

  3. First information report - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_information_report

    A first information report (FIR) is a document prepared by police organisations in many South and Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, when they receive information about the commission of a cognisable offence, or in Singapore when the police receive information about any criminal offence. It generally ...

  4. Cognisable offence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognisable_offence

    The Section 154 in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, of India states: . Every information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, if given orally to an officer in charge of a police station, shall be reduced to writing by him or under his direction, and be read over to the informant; and every such information, whether given in writing or reduced to writing as aforesaid, shall ...

  5. Civil penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_penalty

    Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a burden of proof that is "beyond a reasonable doubt"; but because the action is brought by the government, and some civil penalties can run into the millions of dollars, it would be uncomfortable to subject citizens ...

  6. The word ‘and’ could land criminal defendants with longer ...

    www.aol.com/word-could-land-criminal-defendants...

    In a 6-3 decision released on Friday, the court ruled that the word “and” means “and”, not “or”, in a complicated case that challenged justices to interpret grammar and the intention ...

  7. Criminal code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_code

    A criminal code or penal code is a document that compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law.Typically a criminal code will contain offences that are recognised in the jurisdiction, penalties that might be imposed for these offences, and some general provisions (such as definitions and prohibitions on retroactive prosecution).

  8. Criminal law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_law

    Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation, rather than on punishment or rehabilitation. Criminal procedure is a formalized official activity that authenticates the fact of commission of a crime and authorizes punitive or rehabilitative ...

  9. Judiciary of Pakistan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan

    The judiciary of Pakistan is the national system of courts that maintains the law and order in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.Pakistan uses a common law system, which was introduced during the colonial era, influenced by local medieval judicial systems based on religious and cultural practices.