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Then, consolidation is where the hippocampus along with other cortical structures stabilize an object within long term memory, which strengthens over time, and is a process for which a number of theories have arisen to explain the underlying mechanism. [1] After encoding, the hippocampus is capable of going through the retrieval process.
One study performed by Bauer and Larkina (2013) used cued recall by asking children and adults to state a personal memory related to the word and then state the earliest time that it occurred. The researchers found that the younger children need more prompts or cues. For children and adults, the earliest memory retrieval was around three years old.
Exercise improves working memory. A study of school children in Germany has shown that moderate exercise can improve working memory. This has the most benefit for those children who have demonstrated prior learning problems. [15] One neuroimaging study showed a relationship between fitness, hippocampal volume, and some types of memory tasks. [16]
The development of memory is a lifelong process that continues through adulthood. Development etymologically refers to a progressive unfolding. Memory development tends to focus on periods of infancy, toddlers, children, and adolescents, yet the developmental progression of memory in adults and older adults is also circumscribed under the umbrella of memory development.
The hippocampus regulates memory function. Memory improvement is the act of enhancing one's memory. Factors motivating research on improving memory include conditions such as amnesia, age-related memory loss, people’s desire to enhance their memory, and the search to determine factors that impact memory and cognition.
The most common aspect of retrieval cues associated with reconstructive memory is the process that involves recollection. This process uses logical structures, partial memories, narratives, or clues to retrieve the desired memory. [29] However, the process of recollection is not always successful due to cue-dependent forgetting and priming.
Activation in the hippocampal region associated with episodic memory encoding has been shown to occur in the rostral portion of the region whereas activation associated with episodic memory retrieval occurs in the caudal portions. [20] This is referred to as the Hippocampal memory encoding and retrieval model or HIPER model.
For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial and declarative memory, as well as consolidating short-term into long-term memory. Studies have shown that declarative memories move between the limbic system , deep within the brain, and the outer, cortical regions.