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The first modern theory of software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem). [ 4 ] This eventually led to the creation of the twin academic fields of computer science and software engineering , which both study software and its creation.
Since 2000, software written for X almost always uses some widget toolkit written on top of X, like Qt or GTK. [citation needed] In 2010, Canonical released the first version of Unity, a replacement for the prior default desktop environment for Ubuntu, GNOME. This change to a new, under-development desktop environment and user interface was ...
The integrated circuit is an essential invention to produce modern software systems. [2] The first use of the word software to describe computer programs is credited to mathematician John Wilder Tukey in 1958. [3] The first programmable computers, which appeared at the end of the 1940s, [4] were programmed in machine language.
The first recorded idea of using digital electronics for computing was the 1931 paper "The Use of Thyratrons for High Speed Automatic Counting of Physical Phenomena" by C. E. Wynn-Williams. [29] From 1934 to 1936, NEC engineer Akira Nakashima , Claude Shannon , and Victor Shestakov published papers introducing switching circuit theory , using ...
This article presents a timeline of events related to popular free/open-source software. For a narrative explaining the overall development, see the related history of free and open-source software. The Achievements column documents achievements a project attained at some point in time (not necessarily when it was first released).
3D rendering of a car in CAD software with boundary representation. Also important to the development of CAD was the development in the late 1980s and early 1990s of B-rep solid modeling kernels (engines for manipulating geometrically and topologically consistent 3D objects), Parasolid (ShapeData), and ACIS (Spatial Technology Inc.). These ...
The final revised documentation for PDF 1.7 was approved by ISO Technical Committee 171 in January 2008 and published as ISO 32000-1:2008 on July 1, 2008, and titled Document management – Portable document format – Part 1: PDF 1.7. ISO 32000-1:2008 is the first ISO standard for full function PDF.
Software studies is an emerging interdisciplinary research field, which studies software systems and their social and cultural effects. The implementation and use of software has been studied in recent fields such as cyberculture, Internet studies, new media studies, and digital culture, yet prior to software studies, software was rarely ever addressed as a distinct object of study.