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Common names by which it is known include annual ryegrass, a name also given to Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rigid ryegrass, stiff darnel, Swiss ryegrass and Wimmera ryegrass. [1] It is a native of southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and is grown as a forage crop, particularly in Australia ...
Annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) is the poisoning of livestock from toxin contained in bacterially infected annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). The toxin is produced by the bacterium Rathayibacter toxicus (formerly Clavibacter toxicus ), which is carried into the ryegrass by the nematode Anguina funesta .
To mitigate the effects of annual ryegrass toxicity, farmers can move their livestock another, uninfected pasture at first sign of toxicity. [4] Hot water treatments or chemical seed treatments have been used to produce clean seed. [5] Infected pastures can be managed by mowing, herbicide treatments, or burning.
Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass, [2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown. [3] It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop. [4] [5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass.
Lolium multiflorum, known as "annual ryegrass" in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom and grown as a cover crop; Lolium rigidum, known as "Wimmera ryegrass" in Australia, and considered a weed when present as a contaminant in field crops but is quite productive for livestock grazing
According to Ian Heap, a weed specialist, who completed his PhD on resistance to multiple herbicides in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in 1988 [189] – the first case of an herbicide-resistant weed in Australia [190] – by 2014 Lolium rigidum was the "world’s worst herbicide-resistant weed" with instances in "12 countries, 11 sites of ...
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[2] [3] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Lolium is native to Europe , Asia and northern Africa , as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia , the Americas , and various oceanic islands.
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