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In addition to the many resident birds, a considerable number of migratory species winter in the country to escape their northern breeding grounds. The avifauna of Indonesia include a total of 1809 species, of which 786 are endemic, and 3 have been introduced by humans. 150 species are globally threatened.
The Bali myna is restricted to the northwest Bali (and its offshore islands) in Indonesia, [1] [9] where it is the island's only endemic vertebrate species. In 1991, the bird was designated the faunal emblem of Bali. Featured on the Indonesian 200 rupiah coin, its local name is jalak Bali (Balinese script: ᬚᬮᬓ᭄ᬩᬮᬶ).
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The Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora; Japanese: 文鳥, bunchō), also known as the Java finch, Java rice sparrow or Java rice bird, is a small passerine bird. [3] This estrildid finch is a resident breeding bird in Java, Bali and Bawean in Indonesia. It is a popular cage bird, and has been introduced into many other countries.
The Javan sunbird or scarlet sunbird (Aethopyga mystacalis) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to Java and Bali, Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
The line runs between Borneo and Sulawesi; and between Bali and Lombok. [10] Although the distance from Bali to Lombok is a relatively short 35 kilometres, the fauna distribution is affected by the line. For example, a group of birds would refuse to cross even the smallest stretches of open water. [10]
Indonesia has more endemic birds than any other country. Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil). [1] Most endemic birds are in the Wallacea region of eastern Indonesia. Sulawesi supports twelve endemic bird genera.
The Javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides) is a species of estrildid finch native to southern Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok islands in Indonesia. It was introduced in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula; [2] It inhabits subtropical and tropical dry shrubland and grassland habitat. It has been assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. [1]