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  2. International English Language Testing System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English...

    International English Language Testing System (IELTS / ˈ aɪ. ɛ l t s /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989. IELTS is one of the major English-language tests ...

  3. Cambridge Assessment English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_English

    Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System ().The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, [2] and its qualifications and tests are aligned with ...

  4. ACT (test) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACT_(test)

    Prior to September 2015, there was a Combined English/Writing score, which was a 36-point combination of the 36-point English Test score and the 12-point Writing subscore. [26] The ACT has eliminated the Combined English/writing score and has added two new combined scores: ELA (an average of the English, Reading, and Writing scores) and STEM ...

  5. Reading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading

    Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

  6. International English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English

    Braj Kachru divides the use of English into three concentric circles. [8]The inner circle is the traditional base of English and includes countries such as the United Kingdom and Ireland and the anglophone populations of the former British colonies of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, and various islands of the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.

  7. Cloze test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloze_test

    The definition of success in a given cloze test varies, depending on the broader goals behind the exercise. Assessment may depend on whether the exercise is objective (i.e. students are given a list of words to use in a cloze) or subjective (i.e. students are to fill in a cloze with words that would make a given sentence grammatically correct).

  8. The European Language Certificates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_European_Language...

    The European Language Certificates (telc; also known as telc language tests) are international standardised tests of ten languages.. telc gGmbH is a non-profit language test, examination and certificate provider based in Frankfurt am Main.

  9. Grammar–translation method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar–translation_method

    In commenting about writing letters or speaking he said he would be overcome with "a veritable forest of paragraphs, and an impenetrable thicket of grammatical rules". [ 9 ] According to Richards and Rodgers, the grammar–translation has been rejected as a legitimate language teaching method by modern scholars: